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Este número de PHOTOVISION es diferente a cuantos hemos publicado hasta la fecha porque no se limita a recoger y difundir ciertas obras fotográficas sino que se convierte en agente de un experimento de creación y reflexión que estamos convencidos que vale la pena auspiciar. En efecto, en ediciones anteriores nuestras páginas han constituido el soporte material de ideas e imágenes preexistentes. Al dedicar este número monográficamente al proyecto Photolatente, en cambio, no solo damos a conocer una original propuesta del fotógrafo español Óscar Molina, sino que contribuimos a materializarlo. La revista y el sobre que se incluye (solo para los suscriptores y pedidos directos) representan la expresión de su primera entrega pública. Como tal, se podría precisar que este número 31 de PHOTOVISION no es solo metodológicamente diferente a los aparecidos con anterioridad, sino que cada uno de sus ejemplares es potencialmente diferente, ya que el lector encontrará en él una página en blanco reservada para una imagen original obtenida de ésta o de próximas ediciones de Photolatente. |
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This issue of PHOTOVISION is different from the others we have published to date in that it does not just collect and publish photographic works. Instead, it supports an experiment of creation and reflection we are convinced is worth sponsoring. Our previous editions have been the medium of already-existing images and ideas. By dedicating this monograph to the Photolatente project, we are not only broadcasting an original proposal of the Spanish photographer Óscar Molina but we are also contributing to carrying it out. The magazine and enclosed envelope (for subscribers and direct orders only) represent the expression of its first public instalment. Óscar Molina invites us to undertake an undoubtedly unique adventure. For those not so familiar with photographic terminology, let us clarify the term "latent image". Upon exposing film or photographic paper, the light that strikes the photosensitive substances leaves a slight mark -the potential image not yet visible to the eye. In other words, light affects the silver salts which make up the photosensitive emulsion by oxidising some molecules which decompose, and at the same time producing halogen gas molecules and silver atoms. The release of the silver atoms creates a blackening effect. At first this blackening was obtained just by the continuous action of light which meant that in order to produce a visible result the process had to last for hours. Around 1850 Louis-Desiré Blanquart-Evrard discovered that a brief exposure to light created a slight impression in the emulsion which later could be proportionately intensified by chemical processes (known as "developing") to become completely tangible. This yielded two favourable conditions: on the one hand, exposure times were significantly shortened and, on the other, the exposure phase could be separated from the chemical process. Symbolically both this "latent image" (in Latin, the adjective latens means "hidden") and the "developing" (or "revealing") have given rise to poetic interpretations that in the face of the near digital future should perhaps be considered as archaeological ones. The latent image, therefore, appears as an embryo image or, if you like, as a cryogenised body waiting to be thawed to return to life. In relation to latent images most photographers have experienced mixed feelings, such as the tremendous frustration of loosing or spoiling during development of an exposed roll of film. All the expectations that a series of latent images produced suddenly disappear. By contrast, most of us must have run into the typical amateur photographer who likes pointing his camera and shooting right and left. The apparent paradox is that we did not realise that that camera is not loaded. The pleasure comes from visually discovering a potentially good shot, even if it is not worth saving for posterity. Nothing else is needed but the latent image fixed in the retina and memory. Óscar Molina's Photolatente deals with the steps that go from image exposure to development, which shakes all meaning-generating ideas and undermines the concept of authorship itself. We randomly receive a latent image that has a biological parent, and by acquiring it we turn into its putative and legal parent. The designer of the project could have gathered the latent images himself or got them by means of some random mechanism. Rather, he has chosen to establish a series of precise rules which are explained in a separate text, according to which a number of anonymous volunteers expose a 36 exposure roll of film whichever way they want. A speculative dimension is thus added to the anonymous and apocryphal character of these possible images. Nothing is known about who exposed the negatives or about who their subjects were. Everything is possible and surprise is one of the most appealing features of the project. And yet the opposite approach is possible. Let us estimate a certain dose of predictability amidst all these unforeseeable results. The posthumous exhibit that the New York Museum of Modern Art dedicated to Garry Winogrand in 1988 set us along this path. Apparently Winogrand died leaving hundreds of rolls of exposed, undeveloped film, thousands and thousands of still invisible images. John Szarkowski, director of the Photography Department took a risky decision: to develop all the exposed film, make contact prints of everything, and select some shots after trying to get into Winogrand's own shoes. The contact sheet as well as blow-ups of the selection were shown. It will never be known whether the choices would have pleased Winogrand or not or, for that matter, if in his interest to discover possible masterpieces, Szarkowski refined his criteria. The subsequent controversy and the way in which the canons of institutionalised art (publishing, signature, style, authorship, etc.) were questioned was the most interesting thing about the exhibit. In photography, most especially, the issue of publishing is a pressing one. Thousands of negatives can be printed without their being recognised as "work". So this huge production of images turns into trials, attempts, drafts, sketches, whatever: the iconographic toll that has to be paid to reach what can be considered as "work". All of these issues are addressed in Photolatente. They are not only implied but amplified, since the identity of those who exposed the latent images is completely unknown and due to the fact that Óscar Molina specifically frees us from the duties and responsibilities the curator of the MOMA had to face by simply telling us: "Do whatever you want with them". So, receiving a latent image is an invitation to creativity (shared creativity or, as you like, "interactive" creativity). At the individual level, there are unlimited options with regard to these latent images. Then can be kept as they are, in a state of permanent latency, with all their promises and secrets intact. Or they can be developed by a standard procedure to satisfy one's curiosity. They can be developed heterodoxically, by modifying the habitual norms and introducing experimental variations. They can be dyed or coloured, drawn or written on. They can be made into pieces to create a collage. Or they can be put into the microwave oven. Or we can burn them and take pictures of their ashes. Or they can be covered with photographic emulsion so that another latent image can be exposed on them. Or We have entered an unending process, a manifold project that impinges upon many creative aspects and does not make a final statement about the much-trumpeted "death of the author". Let us realise that, here, the images, whether they be latent or visible are contingent as "works", traps and riddles presented to the viewers, whether or not they are participants. Theoretically the reason behind Photolatente has to be found in the elaboration of the process itself, which generates images and questions. In any case, then, the work is the process itself and the resulting images are sheer accidents. What about the author? The author is in charge, by controlling, making the rules and watching over the procedure, even though, as in this particular case, he might allow us a certain degree of participation because we are necessary as actors in this conceptual contraption he has created. Our inevitable, fascinated confusion is a requisite of his game -his work. Joan Fontcuberta |
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